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Pathogens profile

Explore in-depth articles and research on pathogens, public health, and the One Health approach. Stay informed with the latest findings and discussions that impact global health

A

Anthrax is a serious bacterial disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. It’s primarily found in soil and affects livestock and wild animals. Humans can contract anthrax through contact with infected animals, contaminated animal products, or by inhaling, ingesting, or absorbing spores.

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Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne bacterial infection caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks, primarily blacklegged ticks. Symptoms often include fever, headache, fatigue, and muscle aches. If left untreated, anaplasmosis can lead to more severe complications.

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Zoonotic influenza refers to disease caused by animal influenza viruses that cross the animal–human divide to infect people. People can be infected with influenza viruses that are usually circulating in animals, such as avian influenza virus subtypes A(H5N1) and A(H9N2) and swine influenza virus subtypes A(H1N1) and (H3N2). Other species including horses and dogs also have their own varieties of influenza viruses. Even though these viruses may be named as the same subtype as viruses found in humans, all of these animal viruses are distinct from human influenza viruses and do not easily transmit between humans.

Anisakiasis is an infection caused by consuming raw fish containing the larvae of Anisakis simplex, A pegreffii, or A decipiens. These worms can cause temporary inflammation, erosions, ulcers, or even perforations in the stomach as they attempt to exit the intestinal tract. Although rare, bleeding gastric ulcers may occur in approximately 0.5% of cases. Treatment options include albendazole medication or endoscopic removal of the worms

Avian influenza, also known as bird flu, is a highly contagious viral disease that affects birds. It can spread through direct contact with infected birds or contaminated materials. Some strains of avian influenza can also infect humans, causing severe respiratory illness. To prevent the spread of avian influenza, it is important to follow proper biosecurity measures, such as maintaining good hygiene, disinfecting equipment, and restricting access to poultry facilities.

B

Bovine tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial disease that primarily affects cattle. It is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a bacterium closely related to the one that causes human tuberculosis. Cattle infected with bovine tuberculosis may show no symptoms or may exhibit signs such as weight loss, coughing, and reduced milk production. The disease can be transmitted to humans through close contact with infected animals or their products, such as unpasteurized milk.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

C

Campylobacteriosis is a common bacterial infection caused by Campylobacter bacteria. It is primarily transmitted through consuming contaminated food, especially undercooked poultry. Symptoms often include diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and nausea. While most cases resolve on their own, severe infections may require medical attention.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

D

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

E

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

F

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

G

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

H

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

I

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

J

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

K

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

L

Lyme disease, is a tick-borne illness caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks. Symptoms often include a rash, fatigue, fever, and joint pain. If left untreated, it can lead to more serious complications. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a successful recovery

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Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

M

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

N

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

O

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

P

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

Q

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

R

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

S

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

T

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

U

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

V

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

W

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

X

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

Y

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

Z

Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans, often through direct contact, food, water, or vectors like mosquitoes.

Climate change can alter the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes, increasing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

AMR develops when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications, making infections harder to treat and posing a significant threat to global health.

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